New materials regarding research in the fields of architecture and urban construction are being presented. The authors also focus on the history of the creation of little-known buildings of interest, on the development of local architectural traditions, on new attributions, and introduce recently discovered archive materials. A number of papers are dedicated to the issues of architectural and urban planning development of historical towns and cities or study the formation of architectural ensembles. The edition also includes papers that are devoted to theoretical historical-architectural problems, to biographies of architects, or analyze artistic approaches and concepts.
Issue 73
K. S. Nossov.
Tower Loopholes in the Late 15th — First Third of the 16th Century Russian Kremlins “in Italian Style”: Classification and Comparison to Loopholes in Italian Defensive Architecture
The article examines tower loopholes in six Russian military architecture monuments, built in the late 15th — first third of the 16th century: Novgorod, Moscow, Nizhny Novgorod, Tula, Kolomna and Zaraysk kremlins. The author proposes new firing positions classification and compares Russian loopholes to Italian ones. The author points out the rarity of application of Italian firing positions and shapes of loopholes in Russia. Distinctive features of Russian loopholes are reviewed.
Keywords:
loopholes, kremlins, fortresses, castles, fortification, military architecture, Italian masters.
Nossov Konstantin Sergeevich,
Dr. habil. (History), Scientific Research Institute of the Theory and History of Architecture and Urban Planning (branch of the Central Institute for Research and Design of the Ministry of Construction and Housing and Communal Services of the Russian Federation), leading research fellow; History of Fortification Study Centre (HFSC), director; “Questions of the History of Fortification” digest, editor-in-chief.
E-mail: ksnosov@yandex.ru
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