New materials regarding research in the fields of architecture and urban construction are being presented. The authors also focus on the history of the creation of little-known buildings of interest, on the development of local architectural traditions, on new attributions, and introduce recently discovered archive materials. A number of papers are dedicated to the issues of architectural and urban planning development of historical towns and cities or study the formation of architectural ensembles. The edition also includes papers that are devoted to theoretical historical-architectural problems, to biographies of architects, or analyze artistic approaches and concepts.
Issue 73
I. A. Bondarenko.
Once Again on the Origins of the Russian Hut’s Diagonal Plan
The article attempts to uncover the reason for the tradition of highlighting and allocating four corners of the Russian hut in accordance with their importance to the interior. The main, (the red) corner, always located diagonally from the stove, is examined first. The article substantiates the idea that the diagonals of a single-space hut mark the spatial axes, which end in seams in corners. These seams hold together four walls that correlate with the four winds. As a result, the plan of the hut is similar to the square Indian mandala, which has the seated and stretched from corner to corner figure of the first man — Purusha, inscribed into its orthogonal structure. The author notes the cosmological significance and universality of the tradition of enclosing an anthropomorphic figure into the building plan, and shows that European architecture interprets axes and diagonals differently. That explains the unusual spatial organization of the Russian hut that is only slightly affected by the Byzantine and Western European traditions, even though Russia has adopted Christianity. The new faith affects the location of the entrance, the stove and the red corner only.
Keywords:
hut, log cabin, corners, hearth, entrance, mandala, diagonals, axes, four winds, constellations, world model.
Bondarenko Igor Andreevich,
Dr. habil. (Architecture), professor, Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction Sciences (RAASN), academician; Scientific Research Institute of the Theory and History of Architecture and Urban Planning (branch of the Central Institute for Research and Design of the Ministry of Construction and Housing and Communal Services of the Russian Federation), chief research fellow.
E-mail: igor.bondarenko.54@mail.ru
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