Архитектурное наследство

Scholarly journal

Founded in 1951

ISSN 0320-0841

New materials regarding research in the fields of architecture and urban construction are being presented. The authors also focus on the history of the creation of little-known buildings of interest, on the development of local architectural traditions, on new attributions, and introduce recently discovered archive materials. A number of papers are dedicated to the issues of architectural and urban planning development of historical towns and cities or study the formation of architectural ensembles. The edition also includes papers that are devoted to theoretical historical-architectural problems, to biographies of architects, or analyze artistic approaches and concepts.

Issue 69

O. S. Shurygina.

On the History of the Garage Construction in Moscow in the 1920s

On the basis of the archival sources introduced into scientific circulation for the first time and using the extended database of the materials of specialized periodicals the construction of car garages in Moscow in the 1920s is considered. Lost and almost unknown objects are analyzed, and attributed, the location, authorship and dating of the structures are clarified. Attention is also paid to the process of functional transformation and enlargement of the Soviet garage type and the use of foreign experience in the development of automobile infrastructure.

Keywords:

Moscow, garage, transport, infrastructure, 20th century, K. S. Melnikov.

Shurygina Olga Sergeevna,

independent researcher, Moscow.

E-mail: olia85@list.ru

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