New materials regarding research in the fields of architecture and urban construction are being presented. The authors also focus on the history of the creation of little-known buildings of interest, on the development of local architectural traditions, on new attributions, and introduce recently discovered archive materials. A number of papers are dedicated to the issues of architectural and urban planning development of historical towns and cities or study the formation of architectural ensembles. The edition also includes papers that are devoted to theoretical historical-architectural problems, to biographies of architects, or analyze artistic approaches and concepts.
Issue 67
I. A. Bondarenko.
Astral Symbolism of the Hut on Chicken Legs
The fairy tale image of the revolving hut on chicken legs is analyzed by the author as a model of an archaic scheme linked with the geocentric structure of the universe. The ornithological features of this house allow us to view it as something connected with the Constellations of the Eagle, the Swan, the Winged Dragon and Pegasus, concentrated over the lower side of the ecliptic plane and the zodiacal band. This concept acquires even more meaning if we remember that the Arabs called the Swan Constellation «Chicken». Since a chicken has only two legs, the author infers that the structure in question represented an entrance portal into another world with a sort of over-the-gate sanctuary, which may be traced back to some ancient pagan traditions. This portal was protected by a revolving enclosure in form of a closed, impenetrable lath fence, which created an architectural image of a rotunda. This way one may establish an essential connection between the folkloric, mystic and actually existing secular architecture, which helps us form a more profound and objective idea regarding the character of the creative mentality of Medieval architects.
Keywords
Traditional architecture, folklore, geocentric universe, associative mentality, semantics of architectural forms and spaces.
Bondarenko Igor’ Andreevich,
Dr. habil. of architecture, RAASN Academician, professor, CIRD of the Ministry of Construction and Housing and Communal Services of the Russian Federation, Scientific Research Institute of the Theory and History of Architecture and Urban Planning, branch of the Central Institute for Research and Design of the Ministry of Construction and Housing and Communal Services of the Russian Federation, director.
E-mail: niitag@yandex.ru
References
1. Baiburin A. K. Velikorusskie zaklinaniia. Sbornik L. N. Maikova, 2nd ed. Saint-Petersburg, 1996.
2. Kolesov V. V., Pimenova M. V. (comps.). Domostroi. Moscow, 1990.
3. [Afanas’ev A. N.]. Narodnye russkie skazki A. N. Afanas’eva: in 3 vols., vol. 1. Moscow, 1992.
4. [Afanas’ev A. N.]. Narodnye russkie skazki A. N. Afanas’eva: in 3 vols., vol. 2. Moscow, 1992.
5. Dmitriev L. A., Likhachev D. S. (comps., eds.). Pouchenie Vladimira Monomakha. Izbornik (sbornik proizvedenii literatury Drevnei Rusi), Moscow, 1969, pp. 146–171.
6. Zabylin M. (comp.). Russkii narod: ego obychai, obriady, sueveriia i poeziia, reprint 1880. Moscow, 1992.
7. Rossiiskaia gosudarstvennaia biblioteka (RGB), File No 3, List No 1, No 774, Page No 146 ob.–156 (Slovo o vsei tvari o sotvorenii. Osnovnaia redaktsiia).
8. Afanas’ev A. Poeticheskie vozzreniia slavian na prirodu: in 3 vols., reprint 1869, vol. 1, Moscow, 1994.
9. Afanas’ev A. Poeticheskie vozzreniia slavian na prirodu: in 3 vols., reprint 1869, vol. 3, Moscow, 1994.
10. Bondarenko I. A. 2012. Arkhitekturnye voploshcheniia obraza “Slavy Gospodnei”. Arkhitekturnoe nasledstvo, i. 56, pp. 5–15.
11. Bondarenko I. A., Kazarian A. Iu. (ed.). Drevnerusskii kul’t Vesty i traditsionnyi smysl raspolozheniia ochaga. Voprosy vseobshchei istorii arkhitektury, i. 7, Saint-Petersburg, 2016, pp. 61–74.
12. Bondarenko I. A. Prevrashchenie spirali v labirint i obretenie trekhmernogo prostranstva. Khan-Magomedovskie chteniia, i. 2: Fundamental’nye problemy teorii i istorii arkhitektury, Saint-Petersburg, 2017, pp. 129–137.
13. Butkevich S. P. Petukh. Slavianskaia mifologiia. Entsiklopedicheskii slovar’, Moscow, 1995, pp. 307–308.
14. Ivanov V. V., Tokarev S. A. (ed.). Bliznechnye mify. Mify narodov mira: in 2 vols., vol. 1, Moscow, 1991, pp. 174–176.
15. Ivanov V. V., Toporov V. N., Tokarev S. A. (ed.). Ptitsy. Mify narodov mira: in 2 vols., vol. 2, Moscow, 1992, pp. 346–349.
16. Ivanov V. V., Toporov V. N., Tokarev S. A. (ed.). Piatnitsa. Mify narodov mira: in 2 vols., vol. 2, Moscow, 1992, p. 357.
17. Krapp E. K., Savel’ev K. (trans). Legendy i predaniia o Solntse, Lune, zvezdakh i planetakh. Moscow, 2000.
18. Leushkanov A. Nazvaniia zvezd. Imena naibolee iarkikh zvezd. Sait Aleksandra Leushkanova.
19. Lok’er N. Dzh., Shulikova T. M. (trans.). Rassvet astronomii. Planety i zvezdy v mifakh drevnikh narodov. Moscow, 2013.
20. Losev A. F., Tokarev S. A. (ed.). Moiry. Mify narodov mira: in 2 vols., vol. 2, Moscow, 1992, p. 169.
21. Orfinskii V. P., Grishina I. E. Traditsionnyi karel’skii dom. Petrozavodsk, 2009.
22. Permilovskaia A. B. Krest’ianskii dom v kul’ture Russkogo Severa (XIX — nachalo XX veka). Arkhangelsk, 2005.
23. Permilovskaia A. B. Kul’turnye smysly narodnoi arkhitektury Russkogo Severa. Yekaterinburg; Arkhangelsk; Yaroslavl, 2013.
24. Permilovskaia A. B. Severnyi dom. Petrozavodsk, 2000.
25. Potebnia A. A. O mifologicheskom znachenii nekotorykh obriadov i poverii. 2. Baba Iaga. Chteniia v Imperatorskom Obshchestve istorii i drevnostei rossiiskikh, vol. 3, Moscow, 1865.
26. Propp V. Ia. Istoricheskie korni volshebnoi skazki, 2nd ed. Leningrad, 1986.
27. Rait Dzh. K., Kabanov A. M. (trans.). Geograficheskie predstavleniia v epokhu Krestovykh pokhodov. Issledovanie srednevekovoi nauki i traditsii v Zapadnoi Evrope. Moscow, 1988.
28. Redin E. K. Khristianskaia topografiia Koz’my Indikoplova po grecheskim i russkim spiskam, vol. 1. Moscow, 1916.
29. Savel’eva N. V., Ponyrko N. V. (ed.). Apokrificheskaia stat’ia “O vsei tvari” i ee bytovanie v sostave drevnerusskikh sbornikov. Trudy Otdela drevnerusskoi literatury, vol. 60, Saint-Petersburg, 2009, pp. 394–436.
30. Takho-Godi A. A., Meletinskii E. M. (ed.). Argos, Argus. Mifologicheskii slovar’, Moscow, 1992, p. 57.
31. Tolstoi N. I. Baba. Slavianskaia mifologiia. Entsiklopedicheskii slovar’, Moscow, 1995, p. 39.
32. Toporkov A. L. Solntse. Slavianskaia mifologiia. Entsiklopedicheskii slovar’, Moscow, 1995, p. 326.
33. Toporov V. N. Zametki o pokhoronnoi obriadnosti. Balto-slavianskie issledovaniia. 1985, Moscow, 1987.
34. Toporov V. N. Tokarev S. A. (ed.). Petukh. Mify narodov mira: in 2 vols., vol. 2, Moscow, 1992, pp. 309–310.
35. Shtaerman E. M., Tokarev S. A. (ed.). Saturn. Mify narodov mira: in 2 vols., vol. 2, Moscow, 1992, p. 417.
36. Eliade M., Bogutskii K., Trilis V. (trans.). Shamanizm. Arkhaicheskie tekhniki ekstaza. Kiev, 1998.
37. Zasov A., Tsvetkov V. (eds.). Entsiklopediia dlia detei, vol. 8: Astronomiia. Moscow, 1997.