New materials regarding research in the fields of architecture and urban construction are being presented. The authors also focus on the history of the creation of little-known buildings of interest, on the development of local architectural traditions, on new attributions, and introduce recently discovered archive materials. A number of papers are dedicated to the issues of architectural and urban planning development of historical towns and cities or study the formation of architectural ensembles. The edition also includes papers that are devoted to theoretical historical-architectural problems, to biographies of architects, or analyze artistic approaches and concepts.
Issue 60 (2014)
Gusarova E. V.
“Peter’s Drawing of Astrakhan” — an Early Town Plan of Russian Land Surveyors
The paper focuses on an 18th-century plan of Astrakhan from the collection of the Department of Manuscripts of the Library of the Academy of Sciences, which until the present escaped the attention of specialists. Specifying the date of its creation and determining its authors’ names helps establish the fact that we are dealing with the earliest presently known land-surveying town plan made by Russian specialists. This changes our notion regarding the time of the appearance of such plans, proving that they were created at least ten years earlier than historians universally believed.
Close comparison demonstrates that this drawing may be viewed as a prototype-original of the engraving “Plan de la Ville d`Astracan“ from the five-volume “Le petit atlas maritime…”, created by J. N. Bellin — “one of the great cartographers of the Enlightenment”, “the most important French cartographer of the period when France was the greatest colonial power”. This work was published by the French naval ministry in Paris in 1764. The author traces the rout that the Russian drawing followed before appearing in the French naval atlas.
The paper studies the identified, dated and attributed Russian drawing and the French engraving in connection with “Peter’s plan of Moscow”.
Keywords
Town plan of Peter I’s epoch, geodesists of the time of Peter I, plans of Astrakhan of the first half of the 18th century, French cartography of the Enlightenment, spying activities of astronomer Delisle.
Gusarova Elena Vasilievna
Art Historian.
E-mail: Helgus@inbox.ru
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