New materials regarding research in the fields of architecture and urban construction are being presented. The authors also focus on the history of the creation of little-known buildings of interest, on the development of local architectural traditions, on new attributions, and introduce recently discovered archive materials. A number of papers are dedicated to the issues of architectural and urban planning development of historical towns and cities or study the formation of architectural ensembles. The edition also includes papers that are devoted to theoretical historical-architectural problems, to biographies of architects, or analyze artistic approaches and concepts.
Issue 60 (2014)
Sedov V. V.
Church of St. John the Baptist na Opokakh in Novgorod as an Example of Late Medieval Architecture
The work studies one example of Novgorodian 15th-century architecture — the Church of St. John the Baptist na Opokakh (or na Petriatinye Dvorishche). It was erected in 1453 on the foundations of a demolished church dating to 1184, which, in its turn, had been constructed on a basis of an earlier building of pre-Mongolian times. It was an important center of social life in Novgorod — inside was kept a wax standard and a corporation of merchants gathered here, the Ivanskoye Sto. This is why the church was created in such an imposing manner, just as the architectural concept behind it was imposing: the preceding edifice had been “remembered” before being destroyed and reconstructed with maximum accuracy, which turned the new church into a certain material embodiment of a shadow or of an “idea” of the previous one. At the same time an additional ground floor (podtserkoviye) was added to the plan of the “restored” church, the former at first made of wood, which had the effect of the interior loosing some of its height, becoming if not actually squat, but lowered, reduced. In this phenomenon the “passeism” of the culture of late Medieval Novgorod manifests itself, a culture which was essentially “historic” in mid-15th century. From a cultorological viewpoint a “restoration” of this sort is a curious and revealing fact, when the artistic merits of the church suffer from this intentional repetition of past forms.
Keywords
Early Russian architecture, medieval Novgorod, late Middle Ages, restoration works, building on “old foundation”, proportions, formal language of architecture, complex of forms, connections with culture.
Sedov Vladimir Valentinovich
Doctor of Art History, Professor, RAASN Corresponding Member, Leading Researcher of the Institute of Archaeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Chief Researcher of NIITIAG RAASN.
E-mail: sedov1960@mail.ru
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