Архитектурное наследство

Scholarly journal

Founded in 1951

ISSN 0320-0841

New materials regarding research in the fields of architecture and urban construction are being presented. The authors also focus on the history of the creation of little-known buildings of interest, on the development of local architectural traditions, on new attributions, and introduce recently discovered archive materials. A number of papers are dedicated to the issues of architectural and urban planning development of historical towns and cities or study the formation of architectural ensembles. The edition also includes papers that are devoted to theoretical historical-architectural problems, to biographies of architects, or analyze artistic approaches and concepts.

Issue 67

Yu. D. Starostenko.

The Main Features of the General Plan of Reconstruction of Moscow of 1935 on the Basis of Materials from the L. M. Kaganovich Fund (RGASPI)

By analyzing the documents from the fund of L. M. Kaganovich stored in Russian State Archive of Social-Political History the author tries to describe the history of the emergence of the decree «Regarding the General Plan of the Reconstruction of Moscow» (1935), as well as to trace the evolution of the key issues that became the basis for the document and for the layout of the city’s plan that accompanied it. Special attention is given to the relations between the body that commissioned the project (Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Bolshevik Party) and the architectural community, whose many members were engaged in the project.

Keywords

Soviet urban construction, reconstruction of Moscow, general plan, ensemble, 1930s.

Starostenko Yulia Dmitrievna,

Ph. D. of architecture, CIRD of the Ministry of Construction and Housing and Communal Services of the Russian Fe­de­ra­tion, Scientific Research Institute of the Theory and History of Architecture and Urban Planning, branch of the Central Institute for Research and Design of the Ministry of Construction and Housing and Communal Services of the Russian Federation, senior research fellow.

E-mail: ystarostenko@yandex.ru

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