New materials regarding research in the fields of architecture and urban construction are being presented. The authors also focus on the history of the creation of little-known buildings of interest, on the development of local architectural traditions, on new attributions, and introduce recently discovered archive materials. A number of papers are dedicated to the issues of architectural and urban planning development of historical towns and cities or study the formation of architectural ensembles. The edition also includes papers that are devoted to theoretical historical-architectural problems, to biographies of architects, or analyze artistic approaches and concepts.
Issue 60 (2014)
Griaznova N. V.
Russia’s “Second Misfortune” and Efforts to Eliminate it during the Reign of Catherine II
In the reign of Catherine II the government of the Russian Empire began creating an integral structure of state roads and postal services. A number of legislative measures were worked out, aimed at improving the road network. A certain hierarchy of postal roads was set up that corresponded with the hierarchy of the settlement structure, which appeared after the introduction in 1775 of the law “Establishments for Administrating Governments”.
Officials from governments’ administrations were responsible for conducting these legislative measures. Some of them, while working on the subject, came up with projects regarding new roads. The various proposals concerning the issue were published in the Proceedings of the Free Economic Society. The culture of country estates, which was developing at the time, introduced a romantic trait into the design of alleys and manor roads.
The changes that took place in the sphere of road management determined a new approach towards space, which began to be perceived as something accessible. A new interest in travelling was rising, which was emerging as one of the ways of learning about the world.
Keywords
Roads, transport structure, government decrees, road projects, activities of governors, roads in country estates.
Gryaznova Nadezhda Vladimirovna
Candidate of Architecture, Russian Academy of Architecture and Construction Sciences, advisor at RAASN, Chief of the Scientific and Organizational Department.
E-mail: n.gryaznova@inbox.ru
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